Race Condition Vulnerabilities: When Timing Creates Security Flaws untuk Perusahaan Indonesia

Race conditions occur when the security of an operation depends on the sequence or timing of events, and an attacker can manipulate that timing. In web applications, the most impactful race conditions involve: double-spending (submitting two payment requests simultaneously so both succeed before the balance updates), coupon/reward abuse (applying a one-time code multiple times through concurrent requests), privilege escalation (exploiting a timing gap between privilege check and action execution — known as Time-of-Check to Time-of-Use or TOCTOU), and inventory manipulation (purchasing the last item multiple times through concurrent requests). Testing for race conditions requires sending carefully timed concurrent requests and observing whether the application handles them atomically. This is exclusively a manual testing activity — no automated scanner tests for race conditions.